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Ayutthaya Historical Park | A UNESCO World Heritage Site
Ayutthaya Historic Park
The Ayutthaya World Heritage site is the remains of a Siamese empire settlement, laid over almost 715 acres of land, which started in 1351 by King Ramathibodi. It was one of the biggest cities of the time to exist in Indochina with extended connections to traders and a massive hub of trade in Asia. The fall of this vast empire was through the Burmese invasion in the year 1767. The city was pretty much decimated to ashes, but the Phoenix prophecy, this empire did not rise again from its ashes to fulfil the greatness it once had. The vast temples, buddhas and buildings that remain on the site portray the relative luxury of the people at that time. They must have been magnificent, especially to the eyes of the time.
More recently, the Ayutthaya Historical Park has been restored by the National Fine Arts Department of Thailand and protected by UNESCO. However, due to erosion and human fighting, over time, much of it has faded away and the ruins are just a shade of what magnificence it once was. But, that does not mean it is not worth visiting! What has survived are still some examples of splendid temples and a fascinating insight into a history that all happened so far away from the history we know in the West.
The most important temples within the Ayutthaya Historical Park
Ayutthaya Historic Park
The Ayutthaya World Heritage site is the remains of a Siamese empire settlement, laid over almost 715 acres of land, which started in 1351 by King Ramathibodi. It was one of the biggest cities of the time to exist in Indochina with extended connections to traders and a massive hub of trade in Asia. The fall of this vast empire was through the Burmese invasion in the year 1767. The city was pretty much decimated to ashes, but the Phoenix prophecy, this empire did not rise again from its ashes to fulfil the greatness it once had. The vast temples, buddhas and buildings that remain on the site portray the relative luxury of the people at that time. They must have been magnificent, especially to the eyes of the time.
More recently, the Ayutthaya Historical Park has been restored by the National Fine Arts Department of Thailand and protected by UNESCO. However, due to erosion and human fighting, over time, much of it has faded away and the ruins are just a shade of what magnificence it once was. But, that does not mean it is not worth visiting! What has survived are still some examples of splendid temples and a fascinating insight into a history that all happened so far away from the history we know in the West.
The most important temples within the Ayutthaya Historical Park
- Wat Chaiwatthanaram
Restoration efforts starting in 1987 transformed Wat Chaiwatthanaram from a looted ruin to one of the most visited attractions in the Ayutthaya Historical Park. This large complex on the west bank of Chao Phraya river is one of Ayutthaya's most impressive temples and offers insight into the influence of Buddhism on the Thai community. Built in the traditional Khmer style, the complex consists of a central prang or spire perched atop a rectangular base amid four smaller prang and eight chedi-like temples or merus. Reliefs portraying scenes from the life of the Buddha once adorned the exterior of the merus, but only fragments now remain. Sunset is an especially beautiful time to visit, when the buildings glow in the late light - Wat Mahathat
Immediately across the road from Wat Ratchaburana stands Wat Mahathat, which tradition claims King Ramesuan built in 1384. Its most famous feature and one of the most famous places to visit in Ayutthaya is the face of a stone Buddha peeking out from among the roots at the base of a tree. The central prang here is one of the old city's most impressive edifices. In about 1625, the top portion broke off, being rebuilt in 1633 some four meters higher than before. Later, it collapsed again and only the corners survived. In 1956, a secret chamberwas uncovered in the ruins. Among the treasures found inside were gold jewelry, a gold casket containing a relic of the Buddha, and fine tableware - Wat Phra Sri Sanphet
Wat Phra Si Sanphet is the loveliest but also the most historically important temple in old Ayutthaya. Its three large chedis and numerous smaller ones make this wat - also known as the King's Temple - one of the most impressive sights in the ruined city. Two of the large chedis, the eastern and central ones, were built in 1492 by King Ramathibodi II to house the ashes of his father and elder brother. His own ashes are interred in the third chedi, built in 1530 by his son and royal successor, King Boromaraja IV. All three chedis were plundered by the Burmese, though they failed to find the hundreds of small Buddha statues in bronze, crystal, silver, lead, and gold now on display in the National Museum, one of the top attractions in Bangkok. Other smaller Buddha figures were also taken to the capital to be placed in Wat Buddhaisawan (now also part of the National Museum in Bangkok) and the western wiharn of Wat Pho. You'll see the ruins of Wang Luang, the Grand Palace, to your left as you leave the wat. Nothing is left except the foundations, as the palace was thoroughly destroyed by the Burmese - Wat Yai Chai Mongkhon
On the eastern outskirts of Ayutthaya stands the exceptionally striking Wat Yai Chai Mongkol (or Mongkhon), its huge chedi rising from a square base surrounded by four smaller chedis. One of its most notable features is the massive reclining Buddha near the entrance. The wat, built in 1357 under King U Thong, was assigned to monks of a particularly strict order trained in Sri Lanka, members of which still live there. Before you leave, climb the stairs of the chedi for views over the statues and gardens. - Wat Ratchaburana
King Boromracha II (1424-48) had Wat Ratchaburana built in memory of his elder brothers Ay and Yi, who were killed in a duel over the succession to the throne. Columns and walls of the wiharn still stand, as do some ruined chedis. The large prang, with its fine figured stucco portraying nagas supporting garudas, is exceptionally well preserved. You'll find some interesting wall paintings in the two crypts in the lower part of the prang, likely the work of Chinese artists who settled in Ayutthaya and had the skill to harmonize such different styles as those of the Khmer and Burmese, Lopburi, and Sukhothai. Two more chedis at the crossroads house the ashes of the royal brothers, while a third commemorates Queen Si Suriyothai who, during a battle with the Burmese in about 1550, dressed as a man and rode into the fray on a white elephant to save her husband's life - but lost her own in the process. - Wat Na Phra Men
Opposite the Grand Palace, Wat Na Phra Men (also called Wat Na Phra Meru) is one of the few temples to have escaped destruction by the Burmese. It is not known when the temple was built; existing records show merely that it was restored under King Boromakot (1732-58) and again during the early Bangkok period. The bot (largest room in the temple) is large and imposing, with beautiful wood carvings on the gable and door panels. Strangely, a large figure of Buddha found here is dressed in royal garb, which is highly unusual. - Chao Sam Phraya National Museum
Set in several buildings surrounded by lily ponds, Chao Sam Phraya National Museum was founded by King Bhumibol Adulyadej in 1961. It houses a number of sculptures and works from different periods throughout Thailand's early history, including several superb golden Buddha statues, gold jewelry and utensils, and ornate teak friezes. Highlights include a seated Buddha and a huge bust of the Buddha in the U Thong style, as well as gold artifacts from the Ayutthaya period. One entire room of the museum is dedicated to showcasing the Buddha's bones and the gold casket found in an underground crypt under Wat Mahata - Wat Suwan Dararam
stands proudly surrounded by three small lakes. Built around 1700 by the grandfather of Rama I, it was extended by the rulers of the Chakri dynasty, who also carried out a considerable amount of restoration work and decorated the temple with numerous paintings, which are now among its best known features. Murals in the temple depict subjects such as Buddha's struggle against Mara while obtaining enlightenment, as well as battles with mythical figures and a dramatic battle scene between King Naresuan the Great and the Burmese army. Wat Suwan Dararam is the only temple on Ayutthaya island still inhabited by monks. - Bang Pa-in Palace
If you tire of seeing ruins and are looking for a little more modern regality, head to Bang Pa-in Palace, dating to the 17th century. Also known as the Summer Palace, this royal residence is one of the best-preserved compounds in the area. The buildings feature several architectural styles, including traditional Thai and Chinese structures, and there's also Phra Thinang Uthayan Phumisathian - a two-story Victorian style mansion. Another interesting spot is Ho Witthunthassana, the three-story, tower-style building used for scoping out the countryside and watching for royal elephants. - Foreign Quarters
In its glory days, Ayutthaya drew settlers from all over the world, making the city a diverse and cosmopolitan one. As you'll see from a map, many of these foreign quarters lie quite close to one another, so you can visit the old French, Portuguese, British, and Dutch quarters by taking a sightseeing bike ride through the area. The European influence is responsible for the number of Catholic churches in the area, including St. Joseph's Church, which still stands today. Located in the French quarter, the church was built in 1666 and is a testament to the French settlers, who left home to settle in what was formerly Siam. Ayutthaya also had a strong Japanese presence, and you can still explore an old Japanese quarter here. The riverside Japanese settlement was separate from the European ones, divided by the Suan Phlu Canal. - Wat Phu Khao Thong
This original Mon-style chedi sits outside the historical park, away from the busy crowds and amid green rice paddies. For the best views of the peaceful surroundings, visitors can climb halfway up the chedi to a platform. The current 50-meter-tall building dates back to 1569 and has been modified over the centuries to incorporate both Thai and Burmese details. Rarely visited by foreigners, the massive four-sided structure is an imposing view and a great way to expand your Ayutthaya trip. A statue of King Naresuan - who established a monastery in the area in the 14th century - that sits near the chedi, and a Buddha footprint from Saraburi are also worth seeing here
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